How to Relocate a Pet Internationally: The Full Process

Relocating a pet internationally means completing your destination country's import steps in a strict order: an ISO microchip first, then a rabies vaccine, a rabies antibody test if the country requires one, an import permit if required, and a health certificate signed close to travel. Easy destinations can take a few weeks. Rabies-free ones often take 6 to 7 months.

This guide is the map for the whole journey, and each step below has its own deep dive, so treat this page as the sequence and follow the links for the fine detail. Before you rely on anything here, confirm the current requirements on your destination country's official government or veterinary-authority page, and, for the US export side, with a USDA-accredited vet and USDA APHIS. Rules change often, and a single missed step can mean weeks of quarantine or a refused animal at the border.

If your move is inbound, our dedicated guide to bringing a pet into the US covers the US-specific steps.

Why the order of steps matters more than anything

The single most common and most expensive mistake in an international pet move is doing the right steps in the wrong order. Almost every country's rules are built on one rule: the microchip must come first. If a rabies vaccine or a blood test is dated before the chip was implanted, most authorities will not count it, because they cannot prove the paperwork belongs to that specific animal. You then have to revaccinate, retest, and wait all over again.

The canonical sequence looks like this: implant an ISO-compatible (15-digit) microchip, then give or update the rabies vaccine so it is dated after the chip, then, if the destination requires it, run the rabies titer test and serve its waiting period, then apply for a destination import permit if one is needed, and finally have a USDA-accredited vet complete the export health certificate and get it endorsed by APHIS shortly before you fly. Many owners also search for a US "pet passport," but that specific EU booklet cannot be issued in the United States. It helps to understand what a pet passport actually is and what US travelers use in its place before you start.

Two details trip people up. First, the chip must be ISO 11784/11785 compatible; if your pet has an older non-ISO chip, many destinations expect you to either implant a compliant chip or bring your own scanner. Second, ask your vet to scan the chip and confirm the number matches every document at each visit, because a chip that has migrated or failed can invalidate an otherwise perfect file at the border. Getting these small things right at the start is what keeps the rest of the timeline on track.

The two questions that decide how hard your move will be

Difficulty is not random. Two facts about your destination predict almost the entire workload and timeline.

Is the country rabies-free or rabies-controlled? Islands and territories that have eliminated rabies, such as Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Singapore, and the US state of Hawaii, protect that status aggressively. They typically require the rabies titer test plus a long waiting period, which is what pushes these moves to 6 to 7 months.

Does it require quarantine on arrival? A handful of destinations still hold pets in quarantine, but the length usually depends on whether you completed every advance step correctly. Doing the titer and permit right can shrink quarantine to a few days or remove it entirely. Getting it wrong can mean months.

Because quarantine risk is really a paperwork-timing risk, it pays to read the quarantine rules by country before you book anything. Most of the European Union, Canada, and Mexico do not quarantine compliant pets at all, while the rabies-free destinations reward preparation and punish shortcuts.

The master step sequence, start to finish

Here is the full sequence most international moves follow, with typical timing and who handles each step. Treat the timing as ranges to confirm with your destination, not as guarantees, because every country sets its own windows.

Step | What happens | Typical timing | Who does it
1. ISO microchip | 15-digit chip implanted and registered; the anchor for all later records | First, before any vaccine | Your vet
2. Rabies vaccine | Given or updated, dated after the chip | Right after chipping | Your vet
3. Rabies titer test | Blood draw, often no earlier than 30 days post-vaccine, sent to an approved lab | Results in 10 to 14 days, then a waiting period of 90 to 180 days for rabies-free countries | Vet plus approved lab
4. Import permit | Advance permission from the destination authority, where required | Days to several weeks; often needed before booking | You or a relocation company
5. Export health certificate | USDA-accredited vet exam and certificate, endorsed by USDA APHIS | Usually within about 10 days of travel | Accredited vet plus APHIS
6. Flight and IATA crate | Book a pet-approved flight and a compliant crate; crate-train the pet | Weeks ahead | You or the transporter
7. Arrival | Border inspection and, where applicable, quarantine | Same day to several months | Destination authority

Not every move includes every step. An easy destination can skip the titer, the permit, and quarantine entirely, collapsing the whole list to microchip, vaccine, and health certificate. The documents needed to fly a pet internationally spell out exactly which papers each step produces.

A rabies-free destination example: Australia, the UK, and Japan

Rabies-free destinations are the long game. Australia is the clearest example: its Department of Agriculture requires an import permit through its BICON system, a rabies antibody titer, and a 180-day waiting period counted from the blood-draw date before the pet may enter, after which pets from the US complete a minimum 10-day stay at the government quarantine facility near Melbourne when every pre-export step was done correctly. You can read the current steps on the Australian government's cats and dogs import page.

Japan runs a similar advance process. Its Animal Quarantine Service asks for microchip, two rabies vaccinations, a passing titer, and a roughly 180-day waiting period, and it releases pets quickly at the airport only if that advance work was completed correctly, as detailed by Japan's Animal Quarantine Service. Otherwise the pet can be detained for up to 180 days. Great Britain no longer quarantines compliant pets but still requires the microchip, rabies vaccine, and a Great Britain health certificate. The pattern across all three is the same: the country trades a long lead time for a short or zero stay on arrival, so the calendar, not the airline, controls your move.

An easier destination example: Canada and Mexico

Straightforward destinations look completely different. Canada and Mexico do not require a rabies titer, an import permit, or quarantine for a typical healthy dog or cat from the United States. In most cases you need a current rabies vaccination certificate and, for many trips, a USDA-endorsed health certificate, and you can often be ready in a few weeks rather than half a year. Much of the European Union is similarly manageable from the US: no quarantine for compliant pets, though you do need the USDA-endorsed EU health certificate and, for some countries, a tapeworm treatment recorded within a set window before entry.

Even on an easy route, do not treat the health certificate as an afterthought. It is typically single-use and tied to a narrow travel window, so for the EU the pet often must enter within about 10 days of the APHIS endorsement. Book the vet exam and endorsement to land inside that window, and confirm the exact number of days for your destination, since it varies and a certificate that expires in transit is treated the same as no certificate at all.

The lesson is to identify which category your destination falls into before you do anything else, because the difference between a few weeks and 6 to 7 months is entirely about the destination's rabies status, not about the size or breed of your pet. Once you know the category, everything else, the number of documents, the cost, and the stress level, follows from it.

Bringing a pet back into the United States

The return leg has its own rules, and they changed recently. As of the CDC's rule effective August 1, 2024, every dog entering the US must appear healthy on arrival, be at least 6 months old, have an ISO-compatible microchip, and carry a receipt from the CDC Dog Import Form submitted online shortly before arrival. Dogs that spent the last 6 months only in dog-rabies-free or low-risk countries generally need little beyond that form, while dogs coming from high-risk rabies countries face extra requirements such as arriving at a limited set of airports and carrying a valid rabies form or titer. The current details live on the CDC's page on bringing a dog into the United States. Cats are not subject to the CDC dog form, though state and airline rules still apply. If you are a returning expat, military family, or adopting from abroad, the full inbound walkthrough is in importing a dog into the US.

Doing it yourself versus hiring a relocation company

You can manage an international move yourself, especially for easy destinations, if you are organized and have time to track vaccine dates, permit windows, and the health-certificate deadline. For rabies-free destinations, tight timelines, snub-nosed breeds that airlines restrict, or cargo-only routes, many owners decide the risk of a paperwork error is not worth it and hire a full-service, IPATA-member, insured pet relocation company that files permits, schedules the titer, coordinates the USDA vet and APHIS endorsement, and books a compliant crate and flight. The honest trade-offs are laid out in DIY pet relocation versus hiring a company.

If you do hire, the value is not just convenience. A good relocation coordinator knows each country's quirks, keeps track of overlapping deadlines, and can catch a mistiming, such as a titer drawn a day too early or a permit that would expire before your flight, before it becomes a crisis. Ask what happens if a flight is cancelled or a document is rejected, and confirm the company handles arrival and customs clearance, not just the departure. Price it against your own time and your tolerance for risk.

The regulatory spine is the same whether you move a dog or a cat, but the logistics differ, so cat owners should read moving overseas with a cat and dog owners the narrative in moving abroad with a dog. If you want a professional to quote the door-to-door move, you can request a quote and compare it against the DIY path.

When to start and how to keep the paperwork straight

Start with the destination government page and a USDA-accredited vet, not with the flight. For rabies-free destinations, begin 7 or more months out so the titer waiting period and permit processing fit inside the calendar, and for easy destinations a few weeks is usually enough once the microchip and rabies vaccine are current. Working backward helps: research and microchip and vaccinate first, run the titer and apply for any permit next, book the flight and crate-train in the final weeks, and complete the vet exam and APHIS endorsement in the last 10 days or so. The timeline for an international pet move breaks this down week by week.

Keep a single folder, physical and digital, with the microchip record, rabies certificate, titer result, import permit, and health certificate, because border officials check that the names, chip number, and dates line up across every document. Above all, treat this article as a framework and verify each specific rule on your destination's official page before you act, since import requirements are revised often and the version that applies is the one in force on your travel date. When in doubt, call the destination authority directly and get the answer in writing rather than relying on a forum post or an old blog.

Frequently asked questions

How long does it take to relocate a pet to another country?

It depends almost entirely on the destination's rabies status. Easy destinations like Canada, Mexico, and much of the EU can often be done in a few weeks once the microchip and rabies vaccine are current. Rabies-free destinations such as Australia, New Zealand, and Japan commonly take 6 to 7 months because of the rabies titer waiting period. Always confirm current timing on the destination government page.

Why does the microchip have to come first?

Most countries only accept a rabies vaccination or titer test if it is dated after the ISO microchip was implanted, because the chip is what ties the records to that specific animal. If you vaccinate or test before chipping, the work often does not count and you may have to start the rabies steps over, which can add months.

Do I need a rabies titer test for every country?

No. Rabies-free and rabies-controlled destinations typically require the FAVN or RNATT titer plus a waiting period, while many straightforward destinations like Canada and Mexico do not. Check the requirement for your specific destination, since it is the single biggest driver of your timeline.

What is the difference between USDA APHIS and the destination country's approval?

USDA APHIS endorses your US export health certificate, confirming a USDA-accredited vet completed it correctly. APHIS does not approve entry into the destination; that country's own veterinary or agriculture authority sets the import rules and makes the final decision at the border. You need both sides handled.

Is it worth hiring a pet relocation company?

It can be, especially for rabies-free destinations, tight timelines, restricted breeds, or cargo-only routes where a paperwork error could mean quarantine or refusal. For easy destinations, an organized owner can often manage it alone. If you hire, choose an IPATA member that is insured and can provide references, and never rely on a guarantee.