Rabies Titer Test for Pets: FAVN Timing Explained

A rabies titer test, formally the Fluorescent Antibody Virus Neutralization (FAVN) test and often called an RNATT, is a blood test that measures your pet's rabies antibody level to prove the vaccine actually worked. A passing result is at least 0.5 IU/mL. Rabies-free destinations such as Australia, New Zealand, and Japan require it, then add a waiting period counted from the blood draw, which is why the test is usually the single biggest lead-time driver in an international move.

If you are moving a dog or cat to a rabies-free country, the titer test is the step most likely to make or break your timeline. Miss the timing by a day and you can lose months. This guide decodes what the test is, the exact order it has to happen in, and how long each stage takes. For the full end-to-end move, see our guide on how to relocate a pet internationally. Rules change often, so always confirm the current requirement with a USDA-accredited vet, USDA APHIS, and the destination country's own veterinary authority before you rely on any date here.

The titer test is a central step when bringing a rescue dog from overseas, which we cover in full.

What the FAVN rabies titer test actually measures

A rabies titer test does not vaccinate your pet and it does not check for the rabies virus. It measures the concentration of rabies-neutralizing antibodies in a blood sample, which is the proof that a previous rabies vaccination produced a protective immune response. The result is reported in international units per milliliter (IU/mL). The internationally recognized passing threshold, used by most rabies-free destinations, is 0.5 IU/mL or higher, as described by the Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (KSVDL), one of the primary approved FAVN labs in the United States.

You will see two names for essentially the same requirement. FAVN stands for Fluorescent Antibody Virus Neutralization, the specific laboratory method. RNATT stands for Rabies Neutralising Antibody Titre Test, the term Australia and several other governments use. Both describe a serology test that a destination accepts as evidence of adequate rabies immunity. The key point is that the sample must be processed by a laboratory the destination country has approved, not just any local vet lab. Your vet draws the blood and ships it to an approved lab such as KSVDL.

The test applies to both dogs and cats. A cat moving to a rabies-free country faces the same titer requirement and the same threshold as a dog, so the process is not shorter just because the animal is smaller. Some owners assume a titer is only for dogs because the return-to-US CDC rules focus on dogs, but destination rabies-control rules do not care about the species in that way. Whatever the pet, the number that matters is the antibody level, and 0.5 IU/mL is the line almost every strict destination draws.

The exact sequence, and why the order is everything

The titer test only counts if every step before it happened in the right order. Governments enforce a strict sequence because it is designed to prove the vaccine worked on an identifiable animal. Get one step out of order and the test is commonly rejected, which resets the clock. The standard sequence looks like this:

ISO microchip first. Your pet needs an ISO 11784/11785 compatible 15-digit microchip before anything else. If a rabies vaccine or blood draw predates the chip, most destinations will not link the record to the animal and the work does not count.

Rabies vaccination after the chip. The rabies vaccine must be given (or boosted) after the microchip is in place and while the chip is on record. A vaccine given before the chip usually has to be repeated.

Blood draw no earlier than about 30 days after the vaccine. Many destinations require the sample to be taken at least 30 days after the rabies vaccination so the immune response has time to develop.

Sample sent to an approved lab. The vet ships the blood to a destination-approved FAVN/RNATT lab, such as KSVDL for US pets.

Result of at least 0.5 IU/mL. The lab reports the titer in about 10 to 14 days. A result at or above 0.5 IU/mL passes.

Because the microchip has to come first, this is the one part of an international move you cannot rush at the end. Doing the steps in the wrong order is the most common reason a titer is invalidated. It is worth understanding why each stage exists. The chip gives the animal a permanent, scannable identity so every later document can be tied to it. The vaccine-then-wait gap exists because antibodies take time to build after a shot, so a sample drawn the next day would not show a real response. The approved-lab rule exists because destinations only trust results from laboratories whose methods they have audited. None of these steps are bureaucratic filler; each one closes a loophole a country uses to keep rabies out.

One more nuance trips people up: a pet with a lapsed rabies vaccine has to be revaccinated first, and depending on the destination that can restart the titer clock even if the animal was tested years ago. A titer from a previous move does not automatically carry over. If your pet's rabies coverage has any gap, treat the whole sequence as if you are starting fresh and confirm with your vet whether the earlier result still counts.

The waiting period is the real lead-time driver

Here is the part that surprises most owners. Passing the titer is not the finish line. Many rabies-free destinations then impose a mandatory waiting period, counted from the date of the successful blood draw, before your pet is allowed to enter. During that window nothing needs to happen to the pet; the clock simply has to run. The waiting period commonly ranges from 90 days up to about six months depending on the country. Australia's is 180 days, measured from the date the accepted RNATT sample was taken, per the Australian Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry step-by-step guide.

The table below shows how the stages stack up. These are typical figures as of 2026 and vary by destination, so treat them as a planning example, not a guarantee, and confirm current numbers on the destination government's page.

Step | Earliest it can happen | Typical duration
ISO microchip implanted | Any time (do this first) | Single vet visit
Rabies vaccine (after the chip) | Same day as or after microchip | Single vet visit
Blood draw for FAVN/RNATT | About 30 days after the rabies vaccine | Single vet visit
Approved lab processing | Days after the draw arrives | About 10 to 14 days
Destination waiting period | Counted from the blood-draw date | 90 days up to about 180 days
Eligible to travel and enter | After the waiting period ends | Health cert window is separate

Stacked end to end, a rabies-free move often runs six to seven months from the first microchip to arrival, and the waiting period is the biggest single block. For a full working-backward plan, see how far in advance to plan an international pet move.

Which destinations require a rabies titer

Whether you need a titer at all comes down to how the destination classifies rabies risk. Rabies-free or tightly controlled destinations require it; many mainland destinations that already have rabies do not, because the test protects places that are trying to stay rabies-free. Destinations that commonly require a FAVN/RNATT titer include:

Australia (RNATT, with the 180-day waiting period)

New Zealand

Japan, which pairs the titer with its own roughly 180-day advance process, per the Japan Animal Quarantine Service

Singapore and Hong Kong

Hawaii, a rabies-free US state with its own pre-arrival program

Much of the European Union for pets arriving from certain non-listed countries

Many rabies-free islands

Destinations that typically do NOT require a titer for a straightforward move from the US include Canada and Mexico, where a current rabies vaccination and the standard health paperwork are usually enough. This split, rabies-free-and-titer versus not, is also what decides whether your pet faces a long quarantine on arrival. Because the requirement is destination-specific and revised often, verify the exact rule on the official government page and with USDA APHIS before you book anything.

Two countries deserve a closer look because they anchor opposite ends of the difficulty scale. Australia is among the strictest: it requires the RNATT, a valid import permit, and the 180-day waiting period, and the whole file has to be flawless to keep post-arrival quarantine to its minimum. If you are heading there, our overview of pet transport to Australia walks through how the titer slots into that country's wider process. At the other end, a US-to-Canada move usually needs only a current rabies certificate, so the titer test never enters the picture. The lesson is not to assume; two neighboring islands or two nearby countries can sit on opposite sides of this line, and only the destination authority can tell you which applies to you.

What happens if the titer fails or is mistimed

A titer can come back below 0.5 IU/mL. That does not usually mean your pet is unprotected; it often means the immune response was lower than the threshold on the day of the draw. The standard path is to revaccinate and draw a new sample, which starts the waiting-period clock over from the new blood-draw date. That is the scenario that can push a move back by months, so building in buffer matters.

Timing errors cause the same reset even when the antibody level was fine. Common ones include a vaccine dated before the microchip, a blood draw taken too soon after vaccination, a sample sent to a lab the destination has not approved, or a titer that lapses because the pet's rabies vaccination expired before travel. Some countries also cap how long a passing titer stays valid, so a result that sat unused too long may no longer count. Each of these means redoing the work and, often, waiting the full period again.

Confirm the microchip is recorded before the rabies vaccine is given.

Ask your vet to schedule the blood draw comfortably past the 30-day mark, not on the exact day.

Verify the destination's approved-lab list before shipping the sample.

Keep the rabies vaccination current through the whole travel window.

Check how long the destination treats a passing titer as valid.

How the titer fits your overall relocation plan

The titer test does not stand alone. It sits in the middle of a longer chain: microchip, rabies vaccine, titer and its waiting period, a destination import permit where required, and finally a USDA-accredited-vet health certificate endorsed by USDA APHIS close to travel. Some of these run in parallel, but the titer waiting period is the one that dictates the earliest possible arrival date for rabies-free destinations. If you are heading somewhere strict, the practical takeaway is simple: get the microchip and rabies vaccine done, then book the titer, as early as you reasonably can. Everything downstream, from the import permit window to the final health-certificate appointment, has to fit around when that waiting period ends, so treating the titer as the anchor of your calendar keeps the rest of the plan honest.

For the return-to-US leg, note that CDC has its own rabies rules for dogs entering the United States, and for dogs from high-risk rabies countries an adequate rabies titer from an approved lab is one accepted route, as outlined by the CDC. Because approved labs, thresholds, and waiting periods differ by direction and country, many owners moving to a strict destination hand the titer scheduling, lab shipping, and permit timing to a professional, IPATA-member, insured pet relocation company that manages the paperwork clock for a living. That is optional, but it is one way to avoid the mistimed-titer reset that costs the most time.

Frequently asked questions

What is a passing rabies titer result for pets?

Most rabies-free destinations require a FAVN or RNATT result of at least 0.5 IU/mL, which shows the rabies vaccine produced a protective antibody level. Below that threshold typically means revaccinating and drawing a new sample. Always confirm the exact figure the destination accepts on its official government page.

How long does a rabies titer test take to come back?

An approved lab such as KSVDL usually reports the result in about 10 to 14 days after the sample arrives. The bigger delay is the destination's waiting period, often 90 days up to about 180 days counted from the blood-draw date, before your pet may enter. Processing times can vary, so confirm with the lab.

Which countries require a rabies titer test for pets?

Rabies-free or controlled destinations commonly require it, including Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Singapore, Hong Kong, Hawaii, and much of the EU for pets from certain countries. Straightforward moves to Canada or Mexico usually do not. Requirements change often, so verify on the destination government page and with USDA APHIS.

Why does the microchip have to come before the rabies titer?

Governments require an ISO microchip first so the rabies vaccination and titer can be tied to a specific, identifiable animal. If the vaccine or blood draw predates the chip, most destinations will not accept the record, which usually means repeating the vaccine and titer and losing time.

What happens if my pet's rabies titer fails or is mistimed?

A result below 0.5 IU/mL, or a step done out of order, generally means revaccinating and drawing a new sample, which restarts the waiting period from the new draw date. That can delay a move by months. This is why owners moving to strict destinations start roughly six to seven months ahead.